Nasturtium Growing Guide Part 7

Introduction

Nasturtiums, renowned for their vibrant flowers and peppery leaves, are not only a feast for the eyes but also a versatile culinary ingredient. This guide delves deep into the nuances of growing nasturtiums, encompassing their history, production, quality assessment, and more. Whether you are a novice gardener or an experienced horticulturist, understanding the multifaceted aspects of nasturtium cultivation will enhance your gardening experience and optimize your yield.

What Is Growing?

Growing refers to the cultivation and nurturing of plants to achieve optimal health and productivity. In the context of nasturtiums, this involves understanding the plant’s requirements in terms of soil, water, light, and space. Nasturtiums are particularly appealing because they are hardy, easy to grow, and thrive in various garden conditions. Their rapid growth cycle—from seed to flower—makes them an excellent choice for both ornamental and culinary use.

History and Origins

Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) is native to South America, particularly Peru and Chile. Historically, the plant has been utilized not only for its culinary applications but also for its ornamental value. The Incas cultivated nasturtiums long before European settlers arrived, appreciating its vibrant colors and tangy flavor.

The name “nasturtium” is derived from the Latin words “nasus” (nose) and “tortus” (twisted), referring to the plant’s pungent flavor, which can cause a slight burning sensation when consumed. In the 16th century, the plant was introduced to Europe, where it quickly gained popularity among gardeners and chefs alike.

Production and Processing

Cultivation Techniques

Nasturtiums are primarily grown from seeds, which can be sown directly into the soil or started indoors and transplanted later. They thrive in well-drained soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0. When sowing seeds directly outdoors, it is advisable to plant them in late spring after the last frost has passed. The seeds should be spaced about 12 inches apart to allow adequate room for growth.

Watering and Fertilization

Nasturtiums prefer moderate watering. They do not require excessive moisture, which can lead to root rot. A weekly watering schedule should suffice, particularly during dry spells. Applying a balanced, organic fertilizer can promote healthy growth, but over-fertilization should be avoided, as it may lead to lush foliage at the expense of flowers.

Pest and Disease Management

While nasturtiums are relatively pest-resistant, they can attract aphids and caterpillars. Regular inspections and organic pest control methods, such as neem oil or insecticidal soap, can effectively combat infestations. Additionally, maintaining good air circulation and practicing crop rotation can minimize disease risks.

Quality and Grading

The quality of nasturtiums can be evaluated based on several factors:

1. Color: Vibrant, rich colors indicate healthy plants.

2. Size: Larger leaves and flowers are often preferred for culinary use.

3. Freshness: Freshness is critical; wilting or browning leaves signify poor quality.

4. Pest Damage: Absence of visible pest damage is essential for a quality product.

Grading can vary based on the intended use; for example, culinary-grade nasturtiums might be assessed differently than those intended for ornamental purposes.

Buying Considerations

When purchasing nasturtiums, whether as seeds or plants, it is crucial to consider the following:

1. Source: Reliable nurseries and garden centers are the best sources for seeds or plants. Avoid purchasing from unknown vendors to ensure quality.

2. Variety: Nasturtiums come in numerous varieties, including trailing and bush types. Choose a variety that suits your gardening space and aesthetic preferences.

3. Organic Options: If you are concerned about pesticides and chemicals, look for organic seeds or plants.

4. Seasonality: Be mindful of the growing season in your region to ensure that you are buying during the appropriate time.

Uses and Applications

Nasturtiums have a plethora of uses that extend beyond the garden:

Culinary Uses

The edible flowers and leaves of nasturtiums add a peppery flavor to salads, sandwiches, and garnishes. The flowers can also be candied for decorative purposes. Their vibrant colors make them a popular choice for adding visual appeal to various dishes.

Ornamental Uses

Nasturtiums are widely used in landscaping and home gardens due to their attractive blooms and trailing habit. They can be planted in hanging baskets, window boxes, or as ground cover.

Companion Planting

Nasturtiums are considered excellent companion plants. They attract beneficial insects, such as pollinators, and can deter pests like aphids, making them a natural pest management tool in vegetable gardens.

Storage and Shelf Life

Fresh nasturtium leaves and flowers should be stored in a cool, dry place, ideally in the refrigerator, where they can last for about a week. It’s best to keep them unwashed until ready to use, as excess moisture can accelerate decay. For longer storage, nasturtium flowers can be dried or frozen, although this may alter their texture and flavor.

Common Misconceptions

Despite their popularity, several misconceptions about nasturtiums exist:

1. Only for Aesthetics: While they are beautiful, nasturtiums are equally valuable for their culinary applications.

2. Invasive Nature: Some believe nasturtiums are invasive; however, they are generally easy to manage and do not typically spread uncontrollably.

3. Only for Warm Climates: Nasturtiums can grow in a variety of climates, including cooler